Materials

• Irons
  • grey cast iron
  • white cast iron
• Steels
  • plain carbon
  • alloy
  • microalloy steels
  • stainless
  • powder metal
• Aluminium alloys
• Magnesium alloys
• Titanium alloys
• Copper alloys
  • brasses
  • bronzes
• Refractory metals
• Metal matrix composites
  • particulate reinforced
  • short fibre reinforced
  • continuous fibre reinforced
• Surface treatments
  • case hardening
  • plating
  • thermal spraying
  • PVD
  • CVD
• Tribological materials
  • plain bearings
    • aluminium alloy
    • copper alloy
    • white metal
  • friction materials
    • sintered
• Sealing materials
  • gaskets

Processes

• Casting
  • sand
  • gravity die
  • pressure die
  • lost wax
  • continuous
  • squeeze
• Powder metallurgy
  • cold compaction
    • steel
    • aluminium
    • copper
  • warm compaction
  • hot compaction
  • isostatic pressing
  • powder rolling
  • injection moulding
  • porous materials
• Rolling
• Forging
• Extrusion
  • continuous
• Heat treatment
• Welding
• Brazing
• Soldering

Applications

• Automotive
  • powertrain
  • valvetrain
  • brakes
  • suspension
  • body panels
• Industrial
  • lifting equipment
  • hydraulics
  • valves
  • heat exchangers
  • press tooling
  • cutting tools
  • catering equipment
• Aerospace
• Railway
  • locomotive
• Marine
  • valves
  • deck fittings
• Domestic products
  • electrical contacts
  • plumbing fittings

Failure Mechanisms

• Fracture
  • fatigue
    • corrosion
    • rolling contact
    • fretting
  • brittle
    • intergranular
    • cleavage
  • ductile
    • microvoid coalescence
• Corrosion
  • pitting
  • galvanic
  • intergranular
  • stress-corrosion
  • hydrogen embrittlement
  • erosion & cavitation
  • dezincification
  • oxidation
• Wear
  • abrasive
  • cavitation erosion
  • adhesive wear
  • fretting wear
• Distortion